An Ontario Libraries' Network, or Cooperative Entanglement

While I accepted the invitation to discuss the College Bibliocentre at this Clinic, I cannot say that I did so with equanimity. Quite apart from many organizational difficulties, the systems both in operation and in varying stages of development at the College Bibliocentre, have evolved from practical emersion without the benefit of the finite planning or initial test and research proce- dures from grant aids that many others have experienced. This is why I adopted the latter part of my title for this paper. I was asked particularly to discuss the techniques we are using to acquire the necessary input to the various systems. However, if I was asked to underline what I considered to be the major problems facing the development of a central technical service unit, the technicalities of how to input would be the least concern. The major problems are those beyond the technological requirements how to achieve the degree of coordination required and, in particular, how to overcome the financial hazards which face such an organiza- tion.published or submitted for publicatio

“You can't kid a kidder”: association between production and detection of deception in an interactive deception task

Both the ability to deceive others, and the ability to detect deception, has long been proposed to confer an evolutionary advantage. Deception detection has been studied extensively, and the finding that typical individuals fare little better than chance in detecting deception is one of the more robust in the behavioral sciences. Surprisingly, little research has examined individual differences in lie production ability. As a consequence, as far as we are aware, no previous study has investigated whether there exists an association between the ability to lie successfully and the ability to detect lies. Furthermore, only a minority of studies have examined deception as it naturally occurs; in a social, interactive setting. The present study, therefore, explored the relationship between these two facets of deceptive behavior by employing a novel competitive interactive deception task (DeceIT). For the first time, signal detection theory (SDT) was used to measure performance in both the detection and production of deception. A significant relationship was found between the deception-related abilities; those who could accurately detect a lie were able to produce statements that others found difficult to classify as deceptive or truthful. Furthermore, neither ability was related to measures of intelligence or emotional ability. We, therefore, suggest the existence of an underlying deception-general ability that varies across individuals

Optimizing diesel engine efficiency using the controllability of a variable ratio hydrostatic transmission

A linear mathematical model of a diesel engine, hydrostatic transmission, and electric dynamometer system was developed. This model was used as an aid in designing a single input controller which regulates engine speed to optimize efficiency while maintaining constant transmission output speed under changing load conditions. Compensation was necessary to stabilize the system because of positive feedback in the engine control system. The compensated system\u27s response was compared to that which was predicted analytically. The analytical model was then extended to design the control system parameters to operate the engine and transmission in a representative vehicle --Abstract, page ii

HGNC: The Why and How of Standardised Gene Nomenclature

The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) aims to approve a unique gene symbol and gene name for every human gene. Standardisation of gene symbols is necessary to allow researchers and curators to refer to the same gene without ambiguity. Consistent use of gene symbols in publications and across different websites makes it easy for researchers to find all relevant information for a particular gene and facilitates data mining and retrieval. For each gene that we name we curate relevant information including symbol aliases, chromosomal location, locus type, sequence accessions and links to relevant databases. Therefore, our website is a central resource for human genetics. 
 
We endeavour to approve gene symbols that are acceptable to researchers to encourage widespread use of our symbols. In order to achieve this, we contact researchers that work on particular genes for advice before approving symbols and allow researchers to submit gene symbols to us directly for our consideration. We attend conferences to discuss difficult nomenclature matters and to gain community agreement. We interact with annotators of genes and proteins to provide symbols and names that accurately reflect the nature of each gene and its products. We also work with the gene nomenclature committees for other organisms, and aim to approve equivalent gene symbols for orthologous genes in human and other vertebrate species, especially mouse and rat. 
 
We will demonstrate the steps that are required to name a gene, and will show how and where the nomenclature of a particular gene is used. We will also explain the nature of our collaborations with particular journals and other databases in striving to achieve the use of a common gene nomenclature by all

Cormorants and the Loch Leven trout fishery

Perceived conflicts between piscivorous birds and commercial freshwater fisheries are common, and such a perception exists at Loch Leven, a wetland of international importance for nature conservation and a famous commercial brown trout Salmo trutta fishery, where Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo have been shot in large numbers. This thesis describes the foraging behaviour of cormorants wintering on Loch Leven. It summarises changes in wintering numbers over a 32 year period, and reviews data on fish populations, fish stocking rates, angling catches and angling effort in order to seek evidence of detrimental impacts of cormorants on the fishery, and beneficial effects of large-scale cormorant shooting. Finally, this thesis considers turnover within the wintering cormorant population, and its implications for cormorant control. Cormorants spent most of the time roosting, and a single peak of feeding activity occurred early in the morning. Compared to early or late winter, cormorants showed higher foraging activity during mid-winter. Both solitary feeding and flock feeding were recorded, with flock feeding predominating. Solitary feeding was distributed over a wide area. The intensity of flock feeding was less evenly distributed, with 36% of grid squares not used. Overall, 78% of flock feeding activity took place in 23% of grid squares and 59% took place in 13% of grid squares. The best predictor of both solitary feeding and flock feeding intensity of use was mean water depth. Mean water depth was also the best predictor of winter brown trout distribution, although winter brown trout distribution was not a predictor of either solitary feeding or flock feeding intensity of use

Prevalence of incidental breast cancer and precursor lesions in autopsy studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Autopsy studies demonstrate the prevalence pool of incidental breast cancer in the population, but estimates are uncertain due to small numbers in any primary study. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of autopsy studies to estimate the prevalence of incidental breast cancer and precursors. Methods Relevant articles were identified through searching PubMed and Embase from inception up to April 2016, and backward and forward citations. We included autopsy studies of women with no history of breast pathology, which included systematic histological examination of at least one breast, and which allowed calculation of the prevalence of incidental breast cancer or precursor lesions. Data were pooled using logistic regression models with random intercepts (non-linear mixed models). Results We included 13 studies from 1948 to 2010, contributing 2363 autopsies with 99 cases of incidental cancer or precursor lesions. More thorough histological examination (≥20 histological sections) was a strong predictor of incidental in-situ cancer and atypical hyperplasia (OR = 126·8 and 21·3 respectively, p < 0·001), but not invasive cancer (OR = 1·1, p = 0·75). The estimated mean prevalence of incidental cancer or precursor lesion was 19·5% (0·85% invasive cancer + 8·9% in-situ cancer + 9·8% atypical hyperplasia). Conclusion Our systematic review in ten countries over six decades found that incidental detection of cancer in situ and breast cancer precursors is common in women not known to have breast disease during life. The large prevalence pool of undetected cancer in-situ and atypical hyperplasia in these autopsy studies suggests screening programs should be cautious about introducing more sensitive tests that may increase detection of these lesions